How much is the climate changing?

National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC, PSC, and NASA Figures)
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC Figures)
Global Climate Change Impacts in the U. S. (USGCRP Figures)

How much does air weigh?
How are gas volume and pressure related?
How are gas volume and temperature related?

Laboratory Glassware
Keeping your Laboratory Notebook (pdf)
Using a tire gauge (prelab Movie)
Lab data and prelab (Movies)

Properties of Gases (Figures)
Gas Properties (link to PhET simulation).
Pressure and number of particles (Animation)

How are the atoms connected within atmospheric gas molecules?
What are the shapes of atmospheric gas molecules?

Lewis Dot and VSEPR (Figures)
Gas Molecules Interactive Models (jsmol)
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Interactive Models (jsmol)

Which gases absorb infrared waves?

Greenhouse Gases and Electronegativity (Figures)
Infrared Spectra of Gases in Balloons (Figures)
How does an infrared spectrum of CO₂ change with concentration? atm or mm Hg (Movie)
Do CO₂, N₂O, CH₄, CF₃CH₂F and H₂O absorb the same frequency of infrared radiation? (Movie)

Molecular Bond Vibrations (Animations)
Resonance Frequency and Energy Coupling (Classic movie)

What are the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases?
What do atmospheric concentrations tell us?

Gas Concentrations, Global Warming Potential, and Atmospheric Lifetime (table, jsmol, Movies)
Oxygen Concentrations (Scripps)
Sources and Sinks (Figures)

Methane Supercharges Climate Change, Living on Earth, September 2022 (Audio)
Methane, The Other Important Greenhouse Gas, C&E News, October 25, 2021 (pdf)
Cows and methane (Video)
Permafrost and methane (Video)
No laughing matter: nitrous oxide - another climate enemy (Video)
Are we stuck with cement? (link to The Outline, June 2018)

What happens when you breathe into water?

What happens when you breathe into water? (Movies)

How do we balance the source and sink equations?
How much do sources and sinks contribute to rising greenhouse gas concentrations?

Moles and Balancing Equations (Figures)
Chemical Calculations (reference)

Which recipe gives the most precipitate?

Limiting Reactant Laboratory.xlsm (Instructor template)

How much carbon dioxide do you exhale in a year?

A mole of carbon dioxide (Movie)

What are your personal contributions to CO₂ emissions?

Unit Conversions (examples for writing calculations in one line)

How do chemists represent the structure of molecules?

Chemical Formulas (pdf)
What molecule is C₅H₁₂? (jsmol)
What molecule is C₅H₁₂O? (jsmol)
How do Chemists Represent the Structures of Organic Molecules? (jsmol)

What is Gasoline?
Virtual field trip to a gas station near Los Angeles (Movie starring Brock Spencer)
Trip to a gas station (Zoolander Movie)
Gasoline (Figures)
Lessons from the warning signs at gas stations (Chicago Tribune) or pdf copy

How much heat is released upon fuel combustion?
Fuel Calorimetry

Heat (Figures)
Tinder Chips (Movie), May 2014
Heat Capacity and Water (link to USGS)
Specific Heat (link to Concord Consortium simulation)
Combustion of ethanol vapor (Movie)

Why do we make so much CO₂?

Bond Energies (Animation)
Bond Energies (Figures)

What functional groups are in foods?

Functional Groups (Figures)
Food (Figures)

Which household chemicals react the same way?

Prelab (Movies)
Lab Data (Movies). You will need your data sheet.

Can "like-attracts-like" be used to rank polarity?

Polar Molecule Review (Figures)
Water is Polar (Movie)
Polar/Nonpolar Disk Game (Movie)
Hydrophobic Materials (Figures)
Superhydrophobic Materials (Movies)

How are functional groups, molecular sizes, and boiling points related?

Intermolecular Forces (Figures)
Intermolecular Attractions and States of Matter (link to Concord Consortium simulation)
States of Matter (link to PhET simulation)
Boiling Point Data (Movie)

What is Hydraulic Fracturing?

Hydraulic Fracturing (Figures)
Ethane and the Plastics Boom, NPR Morning Edition, November 2019 (Audio)
Fracking boom tied to methane spike in Earth's atmosphere, National Geographic, August 2019 (pdf)

Synthesis and Analysis: Is my Aspirin Pure?

Aspirin (Figures)
How do vibrations change with mass and force constant? (Demonstrations)
NMR Spectra of Reference Compounds (pdf)
Infrared Spectra of Reference Compounds (pdf)
Loading infrared samples (Movie)
Loading NMR samples (Movie)
Color test for salicylate (Movie)
Review
   Measuring cup squeeze dispenser (Movie)
   Suction Filtration (Movie)
   Titrations (Figures)

Why have metals been used through the ages? (Logan Museum)

Properties of Metals (Movies)

Lab: How well do different materials conduct heat?

Lab Data (Movies)

Alternative Fuels

Turning Algae into Energy (Movie), Los Alamos NationalLab , May 2013
Wind to Hydrogen (Movie)
Artificial Leaf (Movie)
Energy Density (Table)
Fuel Cells (Figures)

What are the three ways we make light? How should we make light?

1. "A brilliant new approach," The Economist, March 19, 2009
2. "Green Promise Seen in Switch to LED Lighting," The New York Times, May 30, 2009
3. "Europe's Ban on Old-Style Bulbs Begins," The New York Times, September 1, 2009
4. "Tiny semiconductor crystals, called quantum dots, enable new forms of energy-efficient lighting," The Economist, March 4, 2010
5. "LED Lighting: Blue + Yellow = White" and "The Light bulb that really is a better idea," IEEE Spectrum, January 2011
6. "Seeing the Light: LED technology moves into the mainstream and delivers improved efficiencies," Signage Solutions, Nov/Dec 2011
7. "What it takes to change all the street lights in New York City," Greenbiz, April 17, 2013 and October 29, 2013
8. "This Little LED of Mine," The New York Times, November 2, 2013
9. "Efficient, useful blue-light LED draws Nobel Prize in physics," CNET, October 7, 2014
10. "Benefits and Disadvantages of LED Lighting," LED Technology, 2012, and Luminanz Ltd, 2011, and Pulse, 2015
11. "Science advances in matching LED lighting to horticultural needs ," LEDs Magazine, 20 Sept 2016
12. "LED Streetlights Are Giving Neighborhoods the Blues," IEEE Spectrum, 22 Sept 2016
13. "The search for better white light," C&E News, November 19, 2018
14. "America's Light Bulb Revolution," The New York Times, March 8, 2019
15. "Household lighting consumption driven by bulb choice and bulb count," U.S. Energy Information Administration, February 25, 2019
16. "White House to Relax Energy Efficiency Rules for Light Bulbs," The New York Times, September 4, 2019
17. "The History of Lighting," Traditional Building, May 13, 2020
18. "Biden flips the switch on Trump's incandescent light bulb plan," CNN, April 26, 2022
19. "LED Basics," US Department of Energy

Light (Figures)
Light from Solids (Movies)
Chemical Light (Movies)
Glowsticks, C&E News, October 25, 2021 (pdf)

Blackbody Radiation (Movies)
Blackbody Simulator (PhET html5 simulation)
The Incandescent Bulb (Movies)
Why does a light bulb burn out? (pdf), INVSEE, Arizona State University (Movie)
An incandescent light bulb has been burning for 100 years: Mythbusters Visit Livermore (Video) 2006
Discovery/Science Channel How It's Made: The Incandescent Bulb (Video)
The origin of quantum mechanics: blackbody radiation and the light bulb (Video)

Color from Electronic Transitions (Movies)
Absorption and Emission Spectra of the Elements (Movies)

LED Quantum Dots (Video)
Benefits of LED Lighting (Video)
LED Application Notes (pdf)
Transportation Lights (Movies)

How can you identify different sources of light?

Three Types of Lighting (Movies)
Lab Data (Movies). You will need your data sheet.

Which elements in the periodic table are metals?

Electrical Conductivity of the Elements (Movies)

What is the net ionic equation?

Ions (Figures)
Lab Data (Movies). You will need your data sheet.

How can we represent solids?

Bonding types (Table)
Covalent, Ionic, Metallic (Figures)
Unit Cells (Figures)

How are structure and properties of solids related?

Solid State Model Kit (Movies)
Interactive Unit Cells (jsmol)
Problem 5 (jsmol)
Structure & Properties (Movies)

What controls the properties of elements?

Periodic properties (Figures)

How can you get a specific color of light from a solid LED?

LEDs and periodic properties (Figures and Movies)

The Man Who Lit Up the World (Video) 2010
LED Quantum Dots (Video) 3/3/2010
Miami Tower Revitalized (Video) 12/11/2012
London Tower Bridge Diamond Jubilee (Video) 6/4/2012
New York Empire State Building's colorful new look (Video) 1/1/2013
San Francisco Bay Bridge Lights (Video) 3/5/2013
Confederation of Danish Industry, Copenhagen (Video) 10/3/2013
Banco de Credito del Peru (BCP) building in Lima (Video) 7/15/2014
LED Filament Bulbs (Video) 1/26/2015
Empire State Building Light Show with music by the Grateful Dead (Video) 7/4/2015
Ketra Natural Light (Video) 2017

Periodic Properties and LEDs

Multimeters (Figures)
Lab Data (Movies). You will need your data sheet.

Project Design: Is my soil contaminated? Lead in soil

The background readings are in chronological order.
Checking only the first few will give an out of date picture but the older ones do provide context.
Background Readings and representative figures

Search Wisconsin Historical Society records and Wisconsin Assessor Records
(We are in Rock County. Type address into the search box).

National Lead Company and Ethyl Corporation Advertisements, 1910-1950

Is my soil contaminated? Lead in soil

Example data (Figures)

Environmental & Climate Justice

What is Environmental Justice? 2017 (Video)
Environmental and Climate Justice, link to NAACP
The rise of environmental justice, C&E News, August 24, 2020 (pdf)
Diversity, Inclusion & Respect, link to American Chemical Society
Climate Change: Global Inequalities and Poverty, 2017 (pdf)
Race and Climate Change, 2017 (pdf)
Climate Change in Illinois, WNIJ, October 15, 2020 (audio)
Ban Ki-moon, Energy for all, June 2012 (audio)
Mario Molina, Nobel Prize Inspiration Initiative, April 2018 (hour video) youtube
The Climate Crisis - Health and Care Delivery, link to New England Journal of Medicine