Models of instruments and effects built from LEGOs.
A laser beam reflects off a cantilever probe to map an array of LEGO magnets. A laser beam reflects off a cantilever probe to map a refrigerator magnet. Charge coupled devices used as detectors in digital cameras can determine the position of incoming photons. Model of electron spin alignment in a giant magnetoresistance material. The alignment changes upon application of a magnetic field. An assemblage of LEGO blocks models a material that expands in width as the length is increased (a negative Poisson ratio).