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Pigments
Numbers refer to volume.chapter in
Artists Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics
, National Gallery of Art, Washington
Inorganic Pigments
1.2
Cobalt Yellow
(Aureolin), K
3
Co(NO
2
)
6
1.3
Barite
White, BaSO
4
1.4
Cadmium Yellow
, CdS
1.5
Red Lead
(Minium), Pb
3
O
4
1.6
Green Earth
(Glauconite clay),
K[(Al,Fe)
+3
,(Fe,Mg)
+2
](AlSi
3
,Si
4
)O
10
(OH)
2
1.7
Zinc White
, ZnO
1.8
Chrome Yellow
, PbCrO
4
Zinc Yellow
, KZn
2
(CrO
4
)
2
(OH)(H
2
O)
1.9
Lead Antimonate Yellow
, Pb
2
Sb
2
O
7
2.1
Azurite
Blue, Cu
3
(CO
3
)
2
(OH)
2
2.2
Ultramarine Blue
(lazurite with S
3
-
radicals),
Na
7
Ca(AlSiO
4
)
6
(SO
4
)(S
3
)
.
H
2
O
2.3
Hydrocerrusite
(Lead White), Pb
3
(CO
3
)
2
(OH)
2
2.4
Lead Tin Yellow
, Pb
2
SnO
4
2.5 Smalt, coarsely ground cobalt glass,
Co
2
SiO
4
2.6
Verdigris
Green, Cu
2
(CH
3
COO)
4
(H
2
O)
2
2.7
Vermilion
(Cinnabar) Red, HgS
2.8
Malachite
Green, Cu
2
(CO
3
)(OH)
2
2.9
Calcite
White, CaCO
3
3.1
Egyptian Blue
, CaCuSi
4
O
10
3.2
Orpiment
Yellow, As
2
S
3
Realgar
Red, As
4
S
4
3.7
Prussian Blue
, (Fe
+3
)
4
[Fe
+2
(CN
-
)
6
]
3
3.8 Scheele's green (Copper Arsenite), mix of
CuO
.
As
2
O
3
, 2CuO
.
As
2
O
3
.
2H
2
O, 3CuO
.
As
2
O
3
.
2H
2
O
Emerald Green
(Copper Acetoarsenite),
Cu
2
As
3
O
6
(CH
3
COO)
3.9
Chromium Oxide Green
, Cr
2
O
3
3.10
Titanium Dioxide Whites
, TiO
2
Cobalt Violet
, Co
3
(PO
4
)
3
Goethite
(Brown Ochre), FeOOH
Cerulean Blue
, CoSnO
3
Hematite
(Red Ochre), Fe
2
O
3
Bone black, 10% C, 85%
Calcium hydroxyapatite
YInMn blue
, YIn
0.37
Mn
0.63
O
3
Organic Pigments
1.1
Euxanthic acid
(Indian Yellow)
1.10
Carmine
(Cochineal)
3.3
Indigo
Palygorskite
(clay with disordered water)
Maya Blue
(disordered indigo in palygorskite clay)
Tyrian Purple
(6,6-Dibromoindigo)
3.4
Alizarin
(Rose Madder)
Alizarin Lake
(with DMF)
Purpurin
(Madder Root)
Purpurin Lake
(with DMF)
3.5
Gambogic Acid
{Gamboge}
3.6 Vandyke Brown,
humic substances
Eosin B
Brazilin
(Brazilwood)
Copper Phthalocyanine Blue
(CuPc)
Copper Phthalocyanine Green
Quinacridone Red
These pages created by George Lisensky. Last modified March 13, 2023.
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Online resources
A Brief History of Color in Art
(Artsy)
Colour in art: a brief history of blue pigment
(Art-UK)
Meet the blue crew...
(Science)
The History of the Color Red
(My Modern Met)
A Colorful History of Paints and Pigments
(GoogleArts)
Pigments through the Ages
(webexhibits)
Fine Art Colour Pigments
(Encylclopedia of Fine Art)
Pigment Timelines
(ColourLex)
The Color of Art Pigment Database
(David Myers)
The Chemistry of Pigments and How Scientists Prevent Color Degradation
(ACS)