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As sample is stretched,
measure force required. Stress = force/(initial area) Strain = displacement/length |
Modified from Scientific Reports 11814 (2015)
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Silver NW
Silver stretches in accordance with Hooke's Law.
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Steel
Steel responds linearly up to the yield point, where dislocations get pinned and work hardening starts.
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Kevlar
Kevlar is elastic until eventual fracture.
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