Carbohydrates and Energy
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Glucose
alpha
break ring
linear
beta
Galactose
alpha
break ring
linear
beta
Fructose
alpha
break ring
linear
beta
Mannose
alpha
break ring
linear
beta
Ribose
alpha
break ring
linear
beta
Deoxyribose
alpha
break ring
linear
beta
Disaccharides
α-lactose
β-lactose
cellobiose
sucrose
maltose
trehalose
Polysaccharides
Cellulose (small)
Cellulose (large)
Amylose (small)
Amylose
Cycloamylose 1c58
Amylopectin (small)
Glycogen (small)
Glycogen (large)
Energy
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP)
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)
Dihydroflavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FADH2)
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
+
(NAD+)
Hydronicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
+
(NADP+)
Glucose-6-Phosphate (G6P)
linear G6P
Fructose-6-Phosphate (F6P)
linear F6P
Pyruvate
-1
Citrate
-3
Proteins
Amylase 3cpu
Hexokinase 1cza
Lactase 3ob8
Na
+
galactose symporter 3dh4
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Element Labels:
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M
L
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Proteins:
Backbone
Trace
Ribbon
Cartoon
Rocket
Strands
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Colors:
Amino Acids
Rainbow
Chain
CPK
Surface (dots on black background)
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Molecules modified from
PubChem
and
Protein Data Bank
.
This page created by George Lisensky, Beloit College.
Last modified November 1, 2025.
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